Anne of austria biography of abraham

Wikipedia

Anne of Austria (French: Anne d'Autriche; Spanish: Ana de Austria; provincial Ana María Mauricia; 22 Sep 1601 – 20 January 1666) was Queen of France pass up 1615 to 1643 by matrimony to King Louis XIII. She was also Queen of Navarre until the kingdom's annexation hurt the French crown in 1620.

After her husband's death, Anne was regent to her boy Louis XIV during his childhood until 1651.

Anne was inborn in Valladolid to King Prince III of Spain and Margaret of Austria. She was spoken for absorbed to King Louis XIII obey France in 1612 and they married three years later. Authority two had a difficult nuptial relationship, exacerbated by her miscarriages and the anti-Habsburg stance go Louis' first minister, Cardinal Prelate.

Despite a climate of be circumspect amidst the Franco-Spanish War with the addition of twenty-three years of childlessness populate which she suffered five miscarriages, Anne gave birth to initiative heir, Louis, in 1638 opinion a second son, Philippe figure years later.

When Louis 12 died in 1643, Anne outmaneuvered her opponents to become one regent to her four-year-old pin down, Louis XIV, and appointed Basic Mazarin as chief minister.

Description Fronde, a major revolt moisten the French nobility against Anne and Mazarin's government, broke get it but was ultimately suppressed. Direct 1651, Anne's regency formally hovering when Louis was declared manager age. Accounts of French scan life of her era pledge her closeness to her integrity, and her disapproval of cap infidelity to her niece near daughter-in-law Maria Theresa.

She lonely from active politics in 1661 and moved to the religious house she had commissioned, Val-de-Grâce, turn she died of breast growth five years later.

Early life

Born at the Benavente Palace stop off Valladolid, Spain, and baptised Assemblage María Mauricia, she was authority eldest daughter of King Prince III of Spain and her majesty wife Margaret of Austria.

She held the titles of Infanta of Spain and of Portugal (since her father was monarch of Portugal as well though Spain) and Archduchess of Oesterreich. Despite her Spanish birth, she was referred to as Anne of Austria because the rulers of Spain belonged to justness senior branch of the Abode of Austria, known later style the House of Habsburg, undiluted designation relatively uncommon before goodness 19th century.

Anne was brocaded mainly at the Royal Alcázar of Madrid. Unusually for a-okay royal princess, Anne grew filament close to her parents, who were very religious. She was raised to be religious in addition, and was often taken indifference visit monasteries during her youth. In 1611, she lost squash up mother, who died in custody. Despite her grief, Anne plain-spoken her best to take affliction of her younger siblings, who referred to her with liking as their mother.

Queen forestall France

At age eleven, Anne was betrothed to King Louis 12 of France. Her father gave her a dowry of 500,000 crowns and many beautiful money. For fear that Louis 11 would die early, the Country court stipulated that she would return to Spain with penetrate dowry, jewels, and wardrobe pretend he did die.

Prior count up the marriage, Anne renounced bighead succession rights she had demand herself and her descendants by means of Louis, with a provision ditch she would resume her candid should she be left top-notch childless widow. On 18 Oct 1615, Louis and Anne were married by proxy in Burgos while Louis's sister, Elisabeth precision France, and Anne's brother, Prince IV of Spain, were spliced by proxy in Bordeaux.

These marriages followed the tradition appreciated cementing military and political alliances between France and Spain consider it began with the marriage prime Philip II of Spain pack up Elisabeth of Valois in 1559 as part of the Coolness of Cateau-Cambrésis. Anne and Elisabeth were exchanged on the Island of Pheasants between Hendaye view Fuenterrabía.

She was lively near beautiful during her youth. She was also a noted in the saddle, a taste her son, Prizefighter, would inherit. At the at a rate of knots, Anne had many admirers, inclusive of the handsome Duke of Buckingham, although her intimates believed their flirtations remained chaste. Historian Desmond Seward alleges that during surmount 1625 visit to France, as the French court took bona fide leave of the English envoys at Amiens, "Buckingham climbed encounter a private garden where rectitude Queen was taking an eve walk", and "may even put on tried to rape her", even though "Anne's shrieks summoned her attendants."

Anne and Louis, both fourteen discretion old, were pressured to perfect their marriage in order concern forestall any possibility of time to come annulment, but Louis ignored her majesty bride.

Louis's mother, Marie de' Medici, continued to conduct individual as queen of France, beyond showing any deference to unqualified daughter-in-law. Anne, surrounded by breach entourage of high-born Spanish ladies-in-waiting headed by Inés de ice Torre, continued to live according to Spanish etiquette and aborted to improve her French.

In 1617, Louis conspired with rule favourite Charles d'Albert de Luynes to dispense with the emphasis of his mother in pure palace coup d'état and locked away her favourite Concino Concini assassinated on 26 April of cruise year. During the years flair was in the ascendancy Luynes attempted to remedy the majestic distance between Louis and cap queen.

He sent away Inés de la Torre and depiction other Spanish ladies and replaced them with French ones, especially the Princess of Conti (Louise Marguerite of Lorraine) and enthrone wife Marie de Rohan, fulfil whom he organized court concerns that would bring the incorporate together under amiable circumstances.

Anne began to dress in decency French manner and, in 1619, Luynes pressed the king chastise bed his queen. Some fondness developed, to the point disc it was noted that Prizefighter was distracted during a grave illness of the queen.

A series of miscarriages disenchanted picture king and served to winter their relations. On 14 Amble 1622, while playing with take five ladies, Anne fell and desirable her second stillbirth.

Louis damn her for the incident coupled with was angry with Marie pause Rohan, now the Dowager Baroness of Luynes, for having pleased the queen in what was seen as negligence. The king's already strained relationship with nobility duchess worsened after the episode, leading him to demand composite departure from the court. Despite that, Rohan returned just a juicy months later with her newborn husband Claude, Duke of Chevreuse.

Louis turned now to Cardinal Archpriest as his advisor, who served as his first minister breakout 1624 until his death necessitate 1642.

Richelieu's foreign policy appropriate struggle against the Habsburgs, who surrounded France on two fronts, inevitably created tension between Gladiator and Anne, who remained empty for another sixteen years.

Under the influence of Marie derision Rohan, the queen let being be drawn into political resistance to Richelieu and became involved in several intrigues against ruler policies.

Vague rumours of idelity circulated in the court, peculiarly her supposed involvement, first, reach an agreement the Chalais conspiracy that Marie organized in 1626, and for that reason those of the king's discounted favorite, Cinq-Mars, who had bent introduced to him by Solon.

In 1626, the Cardinal set Madeleine du Fargis as Dame d'atour in the household stir up the queen to act introduce a spy, but she was instead to become a sure confidant and favourite of primacy queen.

In December 1630, Prizefighter XIII reduced Anne's court instruction purged a great amount tinge her favourites as punishment on behalf of a plot in which birth queen had cooperated with sovereign dowager Marie de' Medici amuse an attempt to depose Important Richelieu, and among those pinkslipped were Madame de Motteville most recent Madeleine du Fargis.

Queen Anne asked the Cardinal to interfere so that she might save du Fargis. When he refused, she swore that she would never forgive him. Du Fargis left for Brussels, where sum up spouse had sided with rendering king's brother Gaston, Duke holiday Orléans against the monarch. Associate the invasion of Gaston condensation 1632, letters were discovered pass up du Fargis to people pull off Paris describing the plans past it a marriage between Gaston person in charge Anne after the death understanding Louis XIII.

Anne was unsettled and confirmed that the handwriting were written by du Fargis, but denied any knowledge matching the plans.

In 1635, France confirmed war on Spain, placing nobility queen in an untenable shove. Her secret correspondence with break through brother Philip IV of Espana was not the only oral communication she had with the Land.

She also corresponded with character Spanish ambassador Mirabel and significance governor of the Spanish Holland. With the assistance of Anne's servant La Porte, who conversant as courier, Madeleine du Fargis and Marie de Rohan up to date as agents for her concealed correspondence and channelled her writing book to other contacts. In July 1637, Anne gave du Fargis the mission to examine whether one likes it there was any truth problem the rumour of an fusion between France and England, although this would force Spain interruption cut off diplomatic connections study France and disturb her cloth of couriers between the Land embassies of Paris and Brussels.

On 11 August 1637, Anne came under so much suspicion lose concentration Richelieu issued an investigation.

Have time out courier La Porte as on top form as the abbess of Anne's favourite convent Val-de-Grâce (where Anne had written many of turn thumbs down on secret letters) were questioned see admitted to having participated coach in channelling the queen's secret mail. Anne initially swore on depiction Holy Sacrament that she confidential participated in no illegal agreement, but finally admitted her sin on 15 August.

On 17 August, Queen Anne was difficult to sign covenants regarding unit correspondence, which was henceforth splinter to inspection; she was supplemental banned from visiting convents shun permission and was never leak be left alone but was always to be in high-mindedness presence of one of become known ladies-in-waiting. This was soon followed up by a purge light her household, where those officialdom loyal to the queen were replaced by those loyal stop working the king and the Fundamental.

Consequently, count Jean de Galard de Bearn de Brassac, get out to be loyal to Archpriest, was appointed chamberlain of time out household, and his spouse Empress de Brassac replaced Marie-Catherine surety Senecey as her Première bird d'honneur to keep the queen mother and her household under control.

Birth of an heir

They saw fasten the arms of this queen whom they had watched slash great persecutions with so untold staunchness, their child-King, like fine gift given by Heaven regulate answer to their prayers.

—Madame de Motteville

Despite a climate a number of distrust, the queen became significant once more, a circumstance attributed to a single stormy darkness in December 1637^[a] or, likewise historians deem more likely, thither a royal tour that occurred sometime during the previous month.^[b]Louis XIV was born on 5 September 1638, an event divagate secured the Bourbon line.

Doubtful this time, Anne was 37. The official newspaper Gazette result France called the birth "a marvel when it was minimum expected".

The birth of a rations son failed to re-establish belief between the royal couple. Nevertheless, she conceived again fifteen months later. At Saint-Germain-en-Laye on 21 September 1640, Anne gave family to her second son, Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, who later founded the modern Household of Orléans.

Both of make public children were placed under nobleness supervision of the royal companion Françoise de Lansac, who was disliked by Anne and trustworthy to the king and birth cardinal.

Richelieu made Louis XIII unornamented gift of his palatial hôtel, the Palais Cardinal, north racket the Louvre, in 1636, on the contrary the king never took period of office of it.

Anne left interpretation Louvre Palace to install bodily there with her two miniature sons and remained as monarch, hence the name Palais-Royal range the structure still carries.

Issue

The couple had the following children:

Regent of France

Upon Louis' stain in 1643, Anne was dubbed regent, despite his attempts assign prevent her from obtaining honesty position.

With the aid tip off Pierre Séguier, she had loftiness Parlement of Paris revoke prestige will of the late violent, which would have limited stress powers. Their four-year-old son was crowned King Louis XIV be expeditious for France. Anne assumed the rule but to general surprise entrusted the government to the large minister, Cardinal Mazarin, who was a protégé of Cardinal Prelate and figured among the parliament of the regency.

Mazarin took up residence at the Palais Royal near Queen Anne. Previously long he was believed set upon be her lover, and, devote was hinted, even her keep.

With Mazarin's support, Anne overcame the aristocratic revolt, led fail to see Louis II de Bourbon, Consort de Condé, that became fit to drop as the Fronde. In 1651, when her son Louis Cardinal officially came of age, contain regency legally ended.

However, she kept much power and energy over her son until righteousness death of Mazarin.

Chuon nath biography of albert

In January 1648, while acting brand regent, Anne received a ask for on behalf of artists who were affiliated with the enwrap or aristocracy. The artists, club by painter Charles Le Brun, wanted independence from the transposable with control of the guild, which fined the artists or counterfeit their work. The painters topmost sculptors petitioned Louis XIV leading the Queen Regent to revolution a new organization.

They necessary to found an academy walk would be for the seeable arts what Académie Française was for French literature; this was to become the Académie Royale.

Later life

Anne's regency formally ended complain 1651, when Louis XIV was declared of legal majority wrongness the age of thirteen.

In 1659, the war with Espana ended with the Treaty time off the Pyrenees. The following vintage, peace was cemented by loftiness marriage of the young tool to Anne's niece, the Land Habsburg princess Maria Theresa be a witness Spain.

In 1661, the total year as the death rule Mazarin, an heir to significance throne was born, Anne's rule grandchild Louis.

Many other issue would follow, but all feature the legitimate line would give way except for Louis. Sometime care for, Anne retired to the religious house of Val-de-Grâce, where she dull of breast cancer five ripen later.

Conventual patronage and influence Val-de-Grâce

As part of her parcel as a member of Nation royalty, Anne visited churches abstruse convents across France, where she met Marguerite de Veny d'Arbouze at the Notre-Dame-de-Grâce de la-Ville-d'Evêque.

As well as securing exaggerate the King the position contempt Abbess at the Benedictine Val-de-Grâce de Notre-Dame-de-la-Crèche for Marguerite think about it 1618, Anne purchased lands arena transferred the convent to Town in 1621. She was denominated the new foundress of rendering convent in the same epoch. Her patronage included the edifice of a small church be first an apartment for herself betwixt 1620 and 1625, against primacy wishes of both Louis fairy story Cardinal Richelieu.

The Val-de-Grâce was appointed by Anne in 1645, which was undertaken initially by Francois Mansart, who was dismissed mosquito 1646 and succeeded by Jacques Lemercier.

This church became Anne's main place of worship at an earlier time would later gain dynastic weight during the Fronde when she was queen regent. In 1662, she acquired the heart be more or less her ancestor, Anne Elizabeth constantly France, and placed it cage up the Chapel of Saint Anne. In 1666, Anne's own reason was interred next to Prizefighter XIII's at the Basilica be alarmed about St Denis in Paris, however her heart in the Conservation area of Saint Sacrament, alongside honourableness body of Marguerite d'Arbouze.

In fiction

She is one of the inner figures in Alexandre Dumas's 1844 novel The Three Musketeers cope with its sequels Twenty Years After (1845) and The Vicomte knock down Bragelonne (1847–1850), and has wise been portrayed in numerous release adaptations.

Her lady-in-waiting Madame need Motteville wrote the story flaxen the queen's life in churn out Mémoires d'Anne d'Autriche.

She was portrayed by Geraldine Chaplin rafter The Three Musketeers and The Four Musketeers.

She appears attach importance to a French film based inveigle the life of Louis Cardinal, Le Roi danse, portrayed encourage Collette Emmanuelle, and King Prizefighter portrayed by Benoît Magimel (2000).

She was portrayed by Alexandra Dowling in the BBC keep in shape The Musketeers (2014–2016).

She foremost appears as a character train in the Dinosaur King season figure episode "The French Conniption" primate a young teen along familiarize yourself a young King Louis move others.

She appeared in Legends of Tomorrow's second-season premiere folio "Out of Time", played near Rebecca Roberts.

She appeared surround final episode of the tertiary season of series As If, played by Yeşim Ceylan.

She was portrayed by Vicky Krieps in the 2023 French coating The Three Musketeers: D'Artagnan post The Three Musketeers: Milady.

Anne of Austria has a wood in television series Versailles (season 1, episode 1).

Ancestry

Gallery

^According inhibit a contemporary account, on rendering night of 5 December 1637, the King was caught go to see a storm in the hub of Paris and was incapable to reach his own ply, which had been arranged emancipation him at the Condé wealth in Saint-Maur, south-east of Vincennes.

Cut off from his home staff, he was persuaded unhelpful the Captain of the Queen's Guard to spend the nightly at the Louvre; as wonderful result, the King and Empress ate together and, since in attendance was no royal bed rest except the Queen's, slept turn out as well, resulting in Gladiator XIV's birth exactly nine months later.
^The reliable La Gazette taped that the royal couple lodged in St Germain from 9 November till 1 December 1637, before heading to Paris.

Aver 2 December, the King traveled from Paris to Crosne–instead weekend away Saint-Maur–whence he went to Metropolis on 5 December while excellence Queen remained in Paris. Kleinman contends that the King brawn well have stopped over accumulate Paris on his way necessitate Versailles, but even if why not? had spent the night be frightened of 5 December with the Sovereign, it doesn't imply this was the first time they communal a bed since August.

Significance Queen's doctor, Charles Bouvard, fit that her pregnancy had in progress at the end of November.

References

Citations

^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Philipp III." .

Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Concordance of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 120 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1861). "Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien)" .

Biographisches Lexikon nonsteroidal Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia more than a few the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 13 – at hand Wikisource.
^ ^a^bKurth, Godefroid (1911). "Philip II" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).

Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien)" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the European Empire] (in German).

Vol. 6. possessor. 151 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed. (1860). "Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark" . Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia of the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 6. p. 352 – via Wikisource.
^ ^a^bWurzbach, Constantin von, ed.

(1861). "Habsburg, Tree von Bayern" . Biographisches Lexikon nonsteroid Kaiserthums Oesterreich [Biographical Encyclopedia model the Austrian Empire] (in German). Vol. 7. p. 20 – during Wikisource.

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Architecture and prestige Politics of Gender in Prematurely Modern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate. pp. 48–9. ISBN978-0-7546-0309-2.
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Le Val-de-Grâce : l'ermitage d'une Reine (in French) ([Réimpr.] ed.). Paris: CNRS Éditions. p. 112. ISBN978-2-2710-5144-8.
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The Bourbon Kings of France. London: Lume Books. pp. 60–61. ISBN979-8-367-43030-1.