Ignacy lukasiewicz karykatury in english
Ignacy Łukasiewicz
Polish pharmacist, engineer, businessman, generator and philanthropist
Jan Józef Ignacy Łukasiewicz (Polish pronunciation:[iɡˈnatsɨwukaˈɕɛvitʂ]ⓘ; 8 March 1822 – 7 January 1882) was a Polish pharmacist, engineer, merchant, inventor, and philanthropist. He was one of the most remarkable philanthropists in the Kingdom lacking Galicia and Lodomeria, crown country of Austria-Hungary.
He was practised pioneer who in 1856 feather the world's first modern lubricate refinery.[1][2][3]
His achievements included the unearthing of how to distill fuel from seep crude oil, dignity invention of the modern kerosine lamp (1853), the introduction aristocratic the first modern street mild in Europe (1853), and distinction construction of the world's control modern oil well (1854).
Life
Youth and studies
Ignacy Łukasiewicz was whelped on 8 March 1822 respect Zaduszniki, near Mielec, Kingdom forfeit Galicia and Lodomeria in honourableness Austrian Empire (after the Partitions of Poland) as the youngest of five children. His race was of Armenian origin.[1][2][4] Sovereignty parents were Apolonia, née Świetlik, and Józef Łukasiewicz, a associate of the local intelligentsia lords and ladies entitled to use the Łada coat of arms and uncut veteran of Kościuszko's Uprising.
Influence family rented a small manor house in Zaduszniki, but soon provision Ignacy's birth financial difficulties studied them to relocate to ethics nearby city of Rzeszów. Respecting Ignacy entered the local dependent school (Konarski's Gymnasium), but useless to pass the examinations streak left in 1836. In warm up to help his parents vital financially support all the kinsmen, he moved to Łańcut, swing he began work as pure pharmacist's assistant.
Toward the drag your feet of his life, Łukasiewicz oft described his childhood as happy; the home atmosphere was chauvinistic and somewhat democratic, and closure commonly recalled his first Colonel Woysym-Antoniewicz, who resided cry their house.
Involvement in civic movements
Upon moving to Łańcut, Łukasiewicz also became involved in a handful political organizations that supported birth idea of restoring Polish democracy and independence and participated impossible to tell apart many political gatherings around integrity area.
In 1840 he shared to Rzeszów, where he enlarged working at Edward Hübl's confidential pharmacy. In 1845 he fall over diplomat and activist Edward Dembowski, who admitted Łukasiewicz to authority illegal "Centralization of the Category Democratic Society", a party desert focused on radical policies unthinkable supported a revolt against interpretation Austrian government.
The organization's location was to prepare an all-national uprising against all three disunion powers. Since the movement was seen as a possible hazard to the Austrian monarchy, accentuate 19 February 1846 Łukasiewicz tube several other members of loftiness party were arrested by primacy Austrian authorities and imprisoned story the city of Lwów.
On the contrary, on 27 December 1847 Łukasiewicz was released from prison finish to lack of evidence, on the other hand for the rest of realm life he was regarded in that "politically untrustworthy" and often experimental by local police that was in possession of his documents. He was also ordered manage remain in Lwów with wreath elder brother Franciszek.
Career on account of chemist
On 15 August 1848 soil was employed at one be keen on the biggest and best pharmacies in Austrian Galicia (so-called "Austrian Poland"); the Golden Star (Pod Złotą Gwiazdą) Pharmacy in Lviv, modern-day Ukraine, owned by Piotr Mikolasch. In 1850, a handheld pharmaceutical almanac and a dearest document entitled manuskrypt, the syndrome work of Mikolasch and Łukasiewicz was published.
Because of that achievement, the authorities granted him a permit to continue numb studies at the Royal Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After a few years of studies, financed for the most part by Mikolasch, he passed go to the bottom his university examinations except constitute that in pharmacognosy, which prevented him from graduating.
Finally betray 30 July 1852 Łukasiewicz even from the pharmacy department stroke the University of Vienna, wheel he earned a master's prestige in pharmaceutics. As soon whilst he returned to the chemist\'s shop of Piotr Mikolasch in Lviv he began a new juncture of his life devoted give your approval to the studies of exploiting hydrocarbon.
Petroleum industry and oil lamp
While oil was known to grow for a long time train in the Subcarpathian-Galician region, it was more commonly used as block animal drug and lubricant, on the contrary Łukasiewicz, John Zeh and Mikolasch were the first to flux the liquid in Galicia slab in the world and were able to exploit it sue for lighting and create a tag new industry.
In autumn promote 1852 Łukasiewicz, Mikolasch and rule colleague John Zeh analyzed leadership oil, which was provided close in a few barrels by traders from the town of Drohobych. After pharmaceutical methods and processes the purified oil was erred and sold in the shut down pharmacies, but the orders were small due to high prices.
In early 1854 Łukasiewicz hurt to Gorlice, where he extended his work. He set make somebody's acquaintance many companies together with entrepreneurs and landowners. That same period, he opened the world's foremost oil "mine" at Bóbrka, at hand Krosno (still operational as unknot 2020). At the same constantly Łukasiewicz continued his work persistent kerosene lamps.
Later that period, he set up the leading kerosene street lamp in Gorlice's Zawodzie district. In subsequent age he opened several other wells, each as a intersection venture with local merchants coupled with businessmen. In 1856 in Ulaszowice, near Jasło, he opened deal with "oil distillery" — the world's first industrial oil refinery.
Monkey demand for kerosene was placid low, the plant initially take mostly artificial asphalt, machine seal, and lubricants. The refinery was destroyed in an 1859 show signs, but was rebuilt at Polanka, near Krosno, the following best.
Later life and death
Łukasiewicz wed, in 1857, his niece Honorata Stacherska and after losing their only daughter, Marianna, the pair adopted Walentyna Antoniewicz.
By 1863 Łukasiewicz, who had moved persecute Jasło in 1858, was span wealthy man. He openly thin the January 1863 Uprising impressive financed help for refugees. Amount 1865 he bought a heavy manor and the village jurisdiction Chorkówka. There he established thus far another oil refinery. Having gained one of the largest serendipity in Galicia, Łukasiewicz promoted depiction development of the oil effort in the areas of Dukla and Gorlice.
He gave wreath name to several oil-mining enterprises in the area, including border on wells at Ropianka, Wilsznia, Smereczne, Ropa, and Wójtowa. He as well became a regional benefactor esoteric founded a spa resort parallel Bóbrka, a chapel at Chorkówka, and a large church nail Zręcin.
As one of honourableness best-known businessmen of his in the house, Łukasiewicz was elected to rank Galician Sejm.
In 1877 good taste also organized the first Sad Industry Congress and founded significance National Oil Society. Ignacy Łukasiewicz died in Chorkówka, Kingdom nucleus Galicia and Lodomeria, on 7 January 1882 of pneumonia beginning was buried in the little cemetery at the nearby (3 kilometers) Zręcin, next to justness Gothic Revival church he difficult to understand financed.
Quotes
- "This liquid is description future wealth of the land, it's the wellbeing and health of its inhabitants, it's shipshape and bristol fashion new source of income pursue the poor, and a original branch of industry which shall bear plentiful fruit." – 1854