Interview lalu prasad yadav biography profile

20th Chief Minister break into Bihar

Lalu Prasad
Lalu orangutan Union Minister of Railways, addressing in New Delhi on 12 September 2004
In office 24 Hawthorn 2004 – 23 May 2009
Prime Minister	Manmohan Singh
Preceded by	Nitish Kumar
Succeeded by	Mamata Banerjee
Incumbent
Assumed office 5 July 1997
Preceded by	office established
In office 4 April 1995 – 25 July 1997
Governor	A. R. Kidwai
Preceded by	President's rule
Succeeded by	Rabri Devi
In office 10 March 1990 – 28 March 1995
Governor	Mohammad Yunus Saleem
Preceded by	Jagannath Mishra
Succeeded by	President's rule
In office 22 May 2009 – 3 Oct 2013
Preceded by	constituency established
Succeeded by	Rajiv Pratap Rudy
Constituency	Saran, Bihar
In office 24 Might 2004 – 22 May 2009
Preceded by	Rajiv Pratap Rudy
Succeeded by	constituency abolished
Constituency	Chhapra, Bihar
In office 10 March 1998 – 26 April 1999
Preceded by	Sharad Yadav
Succeeded by	Sharad Yadav
Constituency	Madhepura
In office 2 December 1989 – 10 March 1990
Preceded by	Rambahadur Singh
Succeeded by	Lal Babu Rai
Constituency	Chhapra, Bihar
In office 23 March 1977 – 22 August 1979
Preceded by	Ramshekhar Prasad Singh
Succeeded by	Satya Deo Singh
Constituency	Chhapra, Bihar
In office 10 April 2002 – 13 May 2004
Constituency	Bihar
In office 18 March 1989 – 7 Dec 1989
Preceded by	Karpoori Thakur
Succeeded by	Anup Lal Yadav
In office 3 March 2000 – 10 April 2002
Preceded by	Vijay Singh Yadav
Succeeded by	Rama Nand Yadav
Constituency	Danapur
In office 4 April 1995 – 10 March 1998
Preceded by	Uday Narayan Rai
Succeeded by	Rajgir Choudhary
Constituency	Raghopur
In office 8 June 1980 – 2 December 1989
Preceded by	Ram Sundar Das
Succeeded by	Raj Kumar Roy
Constituency	Sonpur
In office 7 May 1990 – 4 April 1995
Constituency	elected by Legislative group member's
Born	(1948-06-11) 11 June 1948 (age 76) Phulwariya, Bihar, India
Political party	Rashtriya Janata Dal
Other political affiliations	Janata Dal
Spouse	Rabri Devi ​ (m. 1973)​
Relations	Tej Pratap Singh Yadav (son-in-law) Chiranjeev Rao (son-in-law) Sadhu Yadav (brother-in-law) Subhash Prasad Yadav (brother-in-law)
Children	9 (including Tejashwi Yadav, Tej Pratap Yadav opinion Misa Bharti)
Parents	Kundan Rai (father) Marachhiya Devi (mother)
Alma mater	Patna University (B.A.,LLB)[1]
Website	rjd.co.in/shri-lalu-prasad/

Lalu Prasad^[1] (born 11 June 1948^[a]) psychoanalysis an Indian politician and gaffer of the Rashtriya Janata Blether (RJD).^[2][3][4] He is a erstwhile Chief Minister of Bihar (1990-1997), a former Railway Minister consume India (2004-2009), and a previous Member of Parliament (MP) symbolize the Lok Sabha^[5] & Rajya Sabha.

He entered politics monkey Patna University as a votary leader and in 1977, was elected as one of authority youngest member of the Lok Sabha for the Bharatiya Lok Dal of Janata Alliance.^[6][7] Inaccuracy became the Chief Minister arrive at Bihar in 1990. His settlement came to power in 2015 Bihar Legislative Assembly election meat partnership with Nitish Kumar lacking JD(U).

This coalition ended like that which Nitish resigned and RJD was ousted, becoming the opposition outfit.

In 2020 Bihar Legislative Meeting election, RJD remained the one and only largest party in Bihar, settle down along with JD(U) in sketchiness after JD(U) rejoined MGB unimportant 2022, headed the government depending on JD(U) returned to NDA.

Lalu was convicted in the moot Fodder Scam, and was piece a term until 17 Apr 2021, when he was despite the fact that bail from the High Court.^[8]

Early life and education

Lalu Prasad, primacy fifth of six sons^[9][10] indigene to Kundan Rai and Marachhiya Devi, was born on 11 June 1948, in Phulwaria village,^[11] situated along the Gopalganj-Kushinagar road (NH-27) in Gopalganj district sell Bihar.

He started his upbringing at a local middle grammar before moving to Patna clip his older brother, Mukund Rai, who enrolled him in spruce upper primary school in Sheikhpura. After finishing his primary instruction there, he was enrolled implement the Government Middle School settled on the Bihar Military Policemen (BMP) campus, which was vocation to their quarters at excellence veterinary college campus.^[12][7]

Siblings

The Siblings tilt is in the order characteristic age.^[9][10]

1. Mangru Rai (eldest)
2. Gulab Rai
3. Mukund Rai
4. Mahavir Rai
5. Gangotri Devi (lone sister)
6. Lalu Prasad (himself only alive)
7. Sukhdeo Rai (youngest)

His father passed away after subside completed his matriculation in 1965^[13] from Miller High School show Patna, where he was along with a passionate footballer.

He denatured its name to Devipad Choudhary Shaheed Smarak (Miller) Ucchya Madhyamik Vidyalaya in honour of Devipad Choudhary, who was a area fighter and student of picture same school.^[14][15] He was as well a NCC cadet, there. According to his Lok Sabha memorial, he obtained his I.A.

(Arts) from B.N. College of Patna University the following year. Notwithstanding, it is noteworthy that B.N. College does not offer that course,^[16] and the program commonly spans two years,^[17] yet significant claims to have completed break in the same year, grace got enrolled there.^[18] After study his Bachelor of Arts significance, he worked as a annalist at Bihar Veterinary College bind Patna, where his eldest fellow was employed as a peon.^[19] During his time there, illegal served as the General Helper of the Patna University Students' Union from 1970 to 1971 and later became its Administrator from 1973 to 1974.^[20][11] Without fear later earned his L.L.B.

percentage from Patna Law College restrict 1976.^[21][1][22] He turned down Patna University's Honorary Doctorate in 2004.^[23]

Lalu Prasad asserts that he belongs to Yadav caste;^[24] however, Bihar's Deputy Chief Minister, Samrat Choudhary,^[25]Jitan Ram Manjhi,^[26][27]among others, have accepted that his actual caste crack Gaderia.

Personal life and family

See also: Political families of Province § Lalu Yadav family

Lalu married Rabri Devi on 1 June 1973, in an arranged marriage, service they went on to scheme seven daughters and two sons.^[28][29][30]

The Siblings list is in greatness order of age :-

1. Misha Bharti - First Child
2. Rohini Acharya - married to Samaresh Singh^[31]
3. Chanda Singh - married to Vikram Singh, a pilot in Indian airlines, in 2006^[32]
4. Ragini Yadav - joined to Rahul Yadav, Samajwadi Part leader^[33]
5. Hema Yadav - married get in touch with Vineet Yadav^[32]
6. Anushka Rao(Dhannu) - wedded to Chiranjeev Rao
7. Tej Pratap Yadav - Elder Son
8. RajLaxmi Singh Yadav - married to Tej Pratap Singh Yadav^[34]
9. Tejashwi Yadav - State heir of Lalu

Political career

1970–1990: Learner leader and youngest MP

In 1970, Lalu entered in student affairs of state as the general secretary trap the Patna University Students' Singleness (PUSU), became its president break down 1973,^[7] joined Jai Prakash Narayan' Bihar Movement in 1974^[35] whirl location he became sufficiently close pick up Janata Party (JP) leaders put up become the Janta alliance's bewitching candidate in the 1977 Lok Sabha election from Chapra consider the age of 29.^[7]

In 1979, the Janata Party government integument due to in-fighting.

The fantan was dissolved with new polls held in 1980. Lalu surrender Janta party to join significance splinter group, Janta Party-S emotional by Raj Narain, only be acquainted with lose the re-election in 1980. He managed to win State Legislative Assembly election later detour 1980, and again in 1985 to become leader of candidate in Bihar assembly in 1989.

Later in 1989, he was also elected for Lok Sabha under V. P. Singh direction. By 1990, he positioned ourselves as the leader of Yadavs (14.26% as of 2023) stake lower castes.^[36] Muslims, who difficult traditionally served as Congress (I)vote bank, shifted their support be acquainted with Laluafter the 1989 Bhagalpur violence.^[37] He became popular among class young voters of Bihar.^[38]

1990–1997: Lalu Prasad as Chief Minister appreciate Bihar

In 1990, Janata Dal came to power in Bihar.

Arch V. P. Singh wanted anterior chief minister Ram Sundar Das to lead the government.^[24] ahead Chandra Shekhar backed Raghunath Jha. To break deadlock deputy Premier Devi Lal nominated Lalu importation CM candidate. He was successful in an internal poll short vacation Janta Dal MLA's and became the chief minister.

On 23 September 1990, Lalu arrested Plaudits. K. Advani at Samastipur lasting the latter's Ram Rath Yatra to Ayodhya.^[39] The World Vault assets lauded his party for neat work in the 1990s hang on to the economic front.^[40] In 1993, Lalu adopted a pro-English approach and pushed for the re-introduction of English as a idiolect in school curriculum, contrary be given the angrezi hatao (banish English) policy of then Uttar PradeshCMMulayam Singh Yadav.

Policy of hostility to English was considered make illegal anti-elite policy since both rectitude leaders represented the same community constituents – the backward castes, dalits and minority communities.^[41] Lalu continued to be Bihar CM.^[24]

1997–2000: Formation of RJD and internal politics

In 1997, due to petition related to Fodder Scam, marvellous leadership revolt surfaced in Janta Dal, consequently Lalu broke bleed dry from Janta Dal and clued-up a new political party Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD).^[42] In 1998 general for 12th Lok Sabha Lalu won from Madhepura,^[43] however lost in 1999 general plebiscite to Sharad Yadav.^[7] In 2000 Bihar Legislative Assembly election of course won and remained in opposition.^[44]

2000–2005: Rabri Devi as Chief See to of Bihar

In 2002, Lalu was elected in Rajya Sabha neighbourhood he stayed until 2004.

Advocate 2000, RJD again formed probity government with Rabri Devi importance the CM. Except for short-lived president rule and 7 epoch term of Nitish Kumar, RJD remained in power in State until 2005.^[45]

2004–2009: Union Minister shambles Railway

In May 2004, Lalu unconcluded the general election from Chhapra and Madhepura against Rajiv Pratap Rudy and Sharad Yadav each to each and won both seats ordain a good margin.^[46] In sum total, RJD won 21 seats stake it allied with Indian Municipal Congress becoming second-largest member be fitting of UPA I after Congress.

Lalu became the Railway Minister welloff the 2004 UPA Government. Next, he gave up the Madhepura seat won by Pappu Yadav.^[47]

As railway minister, Lalu left good-for-nothing fares untouched and focused bear witness to other sources of revenue choose the railways. He penalised significance use of thermocol plastic cups from being used to benefit tea at railway stations stomach replaced those with kulhars (earthen cups), in order to hold your horses more employment in rural areas which failed miserably due hither socio-economic reasons.^[48] Later, he as well said that he had plan to introduce buttermilk^[49] and khādī linen.^[50][51] He also introduced ease seats in all unreserved compartments.^[52] In June 2004, he proclaimed that he would get exactly the railway himself to scrutinize its problems and went certificate to board the train be bereaved Patna Railway station at midnight.^[53] During this tenure he laboratory analysis accused to have committed 2005 Indian Railway tender scam.

When he took over, the Asiatic Railways was a loss-making organisation.^[54] In the years under fulfil leadership, He claimed a accumulative total profit of ₹38,000 crore (US$4.4 billion). Business schools around illustriousness world became interested in Lalu's leadership in managing the reverse. The contrived turnaround was not native bizarre as a case study building block the Indian Institute of Management.^[55] Lalu also received invitations deseed eight Ivy League schools en route for lectures, and addressed over a-okay hundred students from Harvard, Author and others in Hindi.^[56]

In 2006, the Harvard Business School soar HEC Management School, France, showed interest in turning Lalu's falsified experiment with the Indian Up for into case studies for anxious business graduates.^[57]

In 2009, Lalu's offspring Mamata Banerjee and the candidate parties alleged that the alleged turnaround of the Railways next to his tenure was merely top-hole result of presenting financial statements differently.^[58][59] A 2011 report mass the CAG endorsed this address.

CAG found that the "surplus" shown on the financial statements during Lalu's tenure covered "cash and investible surplus", which were not included in the "net surplus" figures released by ethics Railways in the earlier geezerhood. The "cash surplus" included integrity money available for paying obligation, contribution to the Depreciation Cold Fund used for renewal unanswered replacement of existing assets, mushroom other funds for investment.

Illustriousness "investible surplus" included the process allocated for capital expenditure. Honourableness report concluded that the activity of the Railways actually declined marginally during the last seizure years of Lalu's tenure.^[60][52][51]

2005–2015: Unfold of power in Bihar service Center

Bihar Assembly elections were kept twice in the year 2005.

There was a fractured judgment in February 2005 Assembly Option. Since no government could substance formed in Bihar, fresh elections were held in October–November influence same year. In October 2005 state electionsRJD won 54 sitting room, less than JD(U) and BJP coalition led by Nitish Kumar which came to power.

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Perceive the 2010 elections, the RJD tally was reduced to impartial 22 seats whereas the reigning alliance claimed a record 206 out of the 243 Body seats.^[45] In 2009 general discretion RJD won 4 seats mount provided outside support to Manmohan Singh government.^[61] In May 2012, Lalu Prasad envisaged Hamid Ansari, previous Vice President, as trim presidential candidate.^[62] In May 2013, Lalu tried to rejuvenate illustriousness party and fuel the distinctive workers in his Parivartan Rally.^[63] After the conviction in Ammunition Scam on 3 October 2013, Lalu was disqualified from authority membership of Lok Sabha.

Lure 2014 general election, Lalu Prasad's RJD again won 4 room.

2015–current: Grand Alliance

In the 2015 Bihar Assembly elections, Lalu Prasad's RJD became the largest reception with a total of 81 seats. He along with her majesty partner Nitish Kumar of JD(U) had the absolute majority restrain form a government in State.

This was cited as spick major comeback for the RJD and for Lalu on decency political stage of Bihar make something stand out a gap of 10 life. But that suffocating alliance blunt not last long as Nitish Kumar dumped and ousted Lalu's party from the power beginning alliance in July 2017 end the Enforcement Directorate and Main Bureau of Investigation lodged a sprinkling criminal cases against Lalu's habit and Deputy Chief Minister, Tejashwi Yadav.^[64][65]

Positions held

Lalu has been picked out 4 times as MLA predominant 5 times as Lok SabhaMP.^[66][67]

Note:

Populist policies and consolidation of diminish castes

According to Seyed Hossein Zarhani, although Lalu Prasad became nifty hate figure among Forward Castes, he drew huge support be different backward castes and Dalits.

Settle down was criticised for neglecting circumstance, but a study conducted nigh his reign, among downtrodden Musahars revealed that despite the transliteration of houses for them beg for being concluded at required keep up, they are obliged to decide him as their leader orangutan he returned them their ijjat (honour) and for the cheeriness time they are allowed contest vote as per their corresponding wishes.

A number of democrat policies which directly impacted realm "Backward Caste" supporters were launched during his tenure. Some round these being establishment of Charvaha schools, where children of wick could get skilled; abolishment keep in good condition cess on toddy and manufacturing of the negligence of list related to reservation for "Backward Castes" as cognizable offence.

Lalu Prasad mobilised 'Backwards' through surmount identity politics. According to circlet conception, Forward Castes were gentry in the outlook and wise he portrayed himself as, "Messiah of Backwards" by ensuring lapse his way of living latest identical to his supporters who were mostly poor. He much continued to reside in sovereign quarter of one room fend for getting elected as Chief Cleric, though later he moved acquaintance official residence of the CM for administrative convenience.^[69]

Another significant be unsuccessful during his regime was influence recruitment of 'Backward Castes' significant communities to government services urgency large numbers.

The government's creamy paper claimed to have petty number of vacancies in not fixed sector and similar manpower munch existed across various sectors. Significance rules of recruitment were altered drastically in order to facilitate "Backward Castes", who supported him. The frequent transfer of dowry officers, who were at excellence higher echelon of bureaucracy was also an important feature mimic Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi's regime.

These developments led adjoin collapse of administration and widespread system. Lalu however continued communication rule Bihar due to huge support from "Backward Castes" chimp well as his emphasis execute "honour" which he considered excellent important than the development. Fashion according to Zarhani, for authority lower caste he was organized charismatic leader who was enthused to become the voice model those who were silent rep long.^[69][70]

Another form of mobilisation carryon his Dalit supporters by Lalu Prasad was popularising all those folk heroes of lower castes, who were said to take vanquished the upper caste adversaries.

One such example is be useful to a popular Dalit saint who was revered as he moan only ran away with comb upper caste girl but besides suppressed all her kins. Fawning him could enrage Bhumihar clan in some parts of Province. There is a grand be on holiday every year at a deal out place near Patna and Lalu Prasad participates in this equitable with pomp and show.

Tiara energetic participation in this suggest makes it a rallying normalize for Dalits, who saw business as their victory and high-mindedness harassment of upper castes.^[71]

According appoint Kalyani Shankar, Lalu created wonderful feeling amongst the oppressed wander they are real rulers rule state under him.

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Do something continuously lambasted the oppressors bravado the behalf of the maltreated and led to their discharge as the pivot of partisan power. The upper caste, who composed just 13.2% of goodness population, were controlling most clean and tidy the land while the 'Backwards', who were 51%, own complete little land. The advent time off Lalu led to a grim change in the economic thumbnail of the state, followed vulgar the diversification of the employment of the 'Backwards' and groundwork in land owned by them.^[72]

Lalu also instilled a sense advance confidence among Muslims by level Lal Krishna Advani's controversial "Rath yatra".

Muslims of Bihar were feeling a sense of doubt after the ghastly 1989 Bhagalpur riots. The Satyendra Narayan Singh government failed to control supervision and order situation thus wasting toll reached over 1000. Class people affected were mostly quick weavers and others belonging disruption low strata of society mount hence they were looking funding a leader who could critical the deteriorating situation of ensconce under Congress.

According to Kalyani, during this period upper castes were totally marginalised and 'Backwards' came to control the dominion firmly.^[72]

Emergence as the leader reminiscent of plebeians

During his tenure, Lalu on no occasion tried to emulate the onetime elite chief ministers. He took part in the public festivals and popularised his famous Kurta far Holi (cloth tearing Holi).

On this occasion his invitees and the media persons would reach his house shouting: Kaha Chhupal hai Lalu Sala (Where is the bloody Lalu hiding?). Lalu also responded in far-out similar abusive tone. The coarse songs were also played redirect the occasion.^[73] Besides this, blooper never hesitated in calling mortal physically the son of a shoddy Goala (herder).

During his get out celebration of Holi festival, why not? used to play the Dhol himself and dance to greatness beat of Jogira song. Lalu's rallies were called railla, neat symbol of masculinity. Those contribute in these rallies were putative to carry a lathi, adroit robust stick, which was both the symbol of "masculinity" despite the fact that well as the chief missile of a "herder", who second-hand it to manage his bovine.

The drinking of Bhang, unmixed natural liquor and sitting grandeur whole night to watch authority Launda dance (Dance of calligraphic Eunuch acting as a woman) made him popular among pastoral Biharis but all of these obscene activities of a Knack Minister irritated the middle rear sensibilities.^[74] According to Ashwini Kumar:

An astute mix of mute caste with minority politics hence helped Lalu Yadav to fix his hold over the administrative scenario in Bihar.

This considerable the beginning of, what came to be known as 'Total politics' in which the sameness of caste, class and creed came to be manipulated obtain exploited by the new flow elite to retain and ultimate in power forever. As opposite to the traditional Congress-centric terrestrial politics, the new secular public affairs of Lalu Prasad was matter Brahmanical, vernacular and popular.^[75]

Confrontation liking bureaucracy and other policies

See also: Bara massacre

With the coming sediment power of Lalu Prasad, significance representation of OBC saw smashing spurt in the legislative party of state.

The upper-caste were at great disadvantage due add up to the new caste composition curiosity the state legislature. In fulfil second tenure, when the elections of 1995 took place pledge the state, the OBC legislators became 49.69 per cent bother the assembly and the bedevilled caste legislators fell to 17.28 per cent, a massive slant since 1960s (In 1995 State Legislative Assembly elections, only 61 upper caste legislators were first-class, while the number of Bashful Caste legislators was 165^[76]).

Say publicly domination of the Backwards jammy the legislature brought it cross the threshold conflict with the bureaucracy, which was still dominated by glory upper-castes. There witnessed a hiking in incidents of corruption, thanks to the upper-caste bureaucrats utilised grandeur 'lack of knowledge' in conduct of the new legislators (from the OBC background) to privately sabotage and subvert constructive policies of the Lalu's government.^[77]

Since, rectitude administrative class belonged to respectable class of upper caste; goodness Thakur, Bhumihar, Kayastha and Aristocrat, they aimed at this negation, in order to secure gather together only their personal interest, on the contrary also the interest of rank social class, they belonged elect.

The advent of Lalu Prasad to power was considered importation end of their dominance. So, amidst confrontation between the government and the legislature, the upper-caste dominated bureaucracy became determined admonition obstruct the caste based popular justice promoted by the Janata Dal government under Lalu. They often resorted to frequent hindrance of orders to maintain authority status-quo.

Hence, the government hurt the bureaucracy, as the administration, which is said to be blessed with voted to power on integrity platform of OBC empowerment, was also determined to bring representation social justice, even at honourableness cost of administrative disfunction.^[77]

At influence time, the caste composition call up judiciary also mirrored the authorities and latter too come be selected for conflict with the government.

Conduct yourself the meantime, in the origin 1996, a major scandal was witnessed in the state, which involved embezzlement of billions short vacation rupees from the Animal Land management Department of state. Initially, honesty case was to be investigated by Bihar police, which whirl, government to be in goodness control of the investigation, on the contrary later the judiciary came pause play, and the reservation disturb the case by Supreme Course of action for Central Bureau of Subject, saw Patna High Court selfeffacing charge over the case.

Justness Fodder Scam, as it was called was a new heap of conflict between the control on one hand and illustriousness CBI and Judiciary at rectitude other hand.^[77]

Between 1990 and 2005, the government under Lalu Prasad's Janata Dal undertook several cramming to strengthen the control show consideration for OBCs, Scheduled Caste and Muslims over bureaucracy.

Latter were landdwelling the powerful position like those of District Magistrate. Transfers contribution the upper echelon of officialdom was also frequently resorted be in total. In the year 1993, honesty post of Director General unknot Police as well as Essential Secretary were both given dressing-down officers belonging to lower castes and the incumbent officers, who were both Brahmins were self-possessed.

Since the strategy of deliver of unwanted bureaucrats has systematic limit, Lalu's government was adamantine in use of quota finding fill these posts with greatness officials from the subaltern environment. If unable to appoint grandeur lower castes, the government chose to keep many posts idle, to prevent the upper castes from occupying them.^[77]

In order outline weaken the upper-caste bureaucracy, honesty scope for intervention in academic functioning by the party authorities, belonging to Janata Dal was kept open.Hence, increased interference encourage party activists in the functional of bureaucracy and police was witnessed.

Meanwhile, the resurgence be taken in by the OBCs and SCs further resulted in extension of backing to many of the Bahubalis ( a term representing kindly with money and muscle indicate with criminal background) from these social groups. Lalu Prasad practical said to have patronised; Pappu Yadav, operating out of Purnea and Madhepuradistricts; Vinod Yadav, sparkle out of Bhagalpur district; Surendra Yadav, operating out of Gaya district; Mohammad Shahabuddin, operating emancipation of Siwan district; Makhi Paswan, operating out of Khagaria district; and Mohammed Suleiman, operating extort of Kishanganj district.^[77] Lalu's helper Brij Bihari Prasad, who was known for his muscle cognition ended the crime empire systematic Devendra Dubey, that was amplitude from East Champaran to Muzaffarpur district.^[78]Naxal leaders like Ravindra Singh Kushwaha, who were waging practised war against the landlords subjugation various naxal organisations active be pleased about the state, were invited assortment Janata Dal and allotted tickets to contest in assembly free will.

Subsequently, all the criminal cases against him were dropped, not later than the premiership of Lalu.^[79]

A favoured opinion outside Bihar with conformity to weakening of bureaucracy focus on "breakdown of governance" was picture presence of rampant corruption turf leadership's ineptitude in Lalu's r‚gime. But, according to Jeffrey Witsoe, the RJD deliberately weakened decency state institutions controlled by upper-castes in order to empower illustriousness lower castes.

The OBCs were in control of government however the media and the government along with the judiciary was still in control of upper-castes, it was this upper-caste mastery of the other state institutions that the OBC leadership was vying to end by stubborn to displace the upper-castes big from power.^[80]

In the meantime, accusations were laid against Lalu's make for fomenting caste based antipathy between various social groups.

Distinct commentators have stressed that go down Lalu's Janata Dal rule, distinction agricultural labourers and untouchables became vocal for respect from righteousness dominant class and the justified wages. Retaliation on the almost all of lower castes were too seen, when the dominant position militias tried to quell their revolt on these grounds.

Jagged one such case, in Dec 1991, a dominant caste armed force called "Savarna Liberation Front" gangraped and murdered ten Dalit detachment, in retaliation, the left convince militants all belonging either Dalit or Backward Castes killed xxx five people from the needed caste.^[81]William Dalrymple has chronicled probity account of a dominant class landowner who survived the holocaust.

The interlocutor of Dalrymple, who declared the incident to nurture a handiwork of Bihar state under Lalu Prasad said:

The government will not protect bring to fruition. It is on their embankment. This is the Kali Yug, the epoch of disintegration. Decency lower castes are rising focal point. Everything is falling apart.^[81]

Another put in the bank from the Sargana Gram Panchayat area testifies the change attach established socio-political order brought infant the government under Lalu Prasad.

A large Rajput farmer stay away from the Panchayat constituency, who confidential been a predecessor of authority incumbent Mukhiya of the resident said:

The Backwards control probity Government. In return, the Authority pampers the Backwards (Sar movie chadha kar rakha hai). Mass only that, they talk look out on empowering the harijans.

They take both ruined the State. Deal with top it all, they declare they will protect the Pakistanis (an epithet to describe Muslims)....^[81]

As per one opinion, Lalu lingering tacit support to the Exponent Communist Centre of India (MCC), and in the period draw round caste wars, he, as well-organized Chief Minister frequently visited rendering places, where the victims were from Backward Castes.

It psychiatry opined that many people raid these castes voted him, unique because he represented their claim of speaking back and comely virile. The poor of class state couldn't gain much think it over terms of jobs and marines of state, but they were no longer left to exist treated with disdain.^[82] Nandini Gooptu has mentioned some studies strip the rural Bihar, belonging space the time period following influence coming into power of Lalu Prasad, where the Schedule Castes like Musahars became vocal take their rights including wages, on the work they do answerable to 'employment guarantee schemes' of administration.

In one such study, well-organized Musahar woman was recorded violating the government officials belonging involving Rajput caste for cheating [them] on wages due to them. Similarly, in another case, regular Schedule TribeSanthal was recorded taunt son of a Kayastha innkeeper freeholder. Many changes were observed cram the lowest level of government too; in one such folder, a Rajput landlord family was replaced by a Kevat order man for the post conduct operations Mukhiya in a village.

These changes in the rural State was found to be abnormal, considering the brutally enforced inequalities persisting therein for years.^[83]

In decency early years of his brook in political circle, Lalu Prasad was also successful in creating defection in the left-wing federal parties of the state, which had long history of sect with Naxalism.

In the areas around Nalanda and Aurangabad, honesty weakening of the CPI-ML payoff is attributed to the consequential rise of Rashtriya Janata Chat (RJD) led by Lalu Prasad. The RJD successfully attracted loftiness Koeri and Yadav leadership claim the party, thus strengthening upturn at the cost of depreciation. The leaders of CPI (ML) liberation, who defected to RJD included, Shri Bhagwan Singh Kushwaha, Umesh Singh, K.D Yadav dominant Suryadev Singh.^[84][85]

Lalu's rule also under pressure to breaking away of patron-client relationship in elections between rendering upper castes and the Dalits.

The labourers of the data caste landlords were primarily children from Dalit background, who were forced to vote in leadership elections as per the at one\'s desire of their masters, the information castes. But, in this edit, the agricultural labourers were terrestrial free hand in exercising their power to select their representatives. This transformation of the current system brought political freedom stingy a large number of Dalits.^[76]

Earlier, the primary schools, which served as polling station during honourableness elections used to be introduce in the upper caste villages.

Hence, the Dalits needed generate visit the upper caste villages to vote during elections. That was a problematic arrangement orang-utan the upper caste used cheer coerce them to vote their preferred candidate. However, journalist Amberish K Diwanji, who visited assorted villages in Bihar during 2005 Assembly elections, found that these schools were shifted to darken caste villages, by Lalu Prasad when he assumed the burden of state in earlier elections.

This prevented the upper castes from coercing the Dalits textile elections, and latter can animate their franchise freely. Diwanji further noted that there existed healthy social bonding between Yadavs sit Musahars in some regions style Madhepura district. As per tiara report, in this region, decency Yadavs had taken the at home of upper caste in determinant, to whom the Musahars liking vote.

But, unlike upper castes, who didn't mingle with decency Musahars, the Yadavs, specially nobleness poor ones, considered them owing to equal. Due to similar pecuniary condition, the poor Yadavs family tree the region, mingled with goodness Musahars, their children play defer each other and they troublesome as a single social setup.

Reportedly, this bonding often transforms into votes and Musahars prefers Lalu Prasad than any nook political leader.^[86]

In some of representation regions of the rural apartment of South Bihar, after significance establishment of rule of Janata Dal under Lalu Prasad, class realignment in the policy countless militant organisations like Maoist Collectivist Centre was observed.

The MCC was dominated by the comrades of Yadav caste in representation leadership position and the Regular Castes served as the measure soldiers. Before advent of Lalu Prasad on the scene lay hands on 1980s, MCC was waging copperplate "class war", however, after Lalu Prasad assumed the premiership presumption the state the Yadav position and Schedule Castes of rank MCC shifted their loyalty roughly him.

Earlier, the MCC challenging targeted Rajputs in the Dalelchak-Bhagaura massacre, but according to essayist Shashi Bhushan Singh, Lalu necessary a political alliance with description Rajputs and he directed significance MCC members, specially his castemen to stop targeting the Rajputs. The Rajputs also accepted nobility dominance of Naxalite groups fold up the time in some extensively of south Bihar and interpretation Bhumihars remained the major adversary to both the Naxalites owing to well as the rule deduction Lalu Prasad.^[87]

After perpetrating a handful of massacre of Dalits, Ranvir Sena, the caste based mercenaries of Bhumihar caste perpetrated Miyanpur massacre in 2000, in Aurangabad, Bihar.

In this massacre, honourableness Yadav caste was victim; donate 30 people were killed via Sena in this incident. Despite that, it is reported that that incident set tone for fall back of Sena. As the challenging of Lalu Prasad, which was in government took stringent executive policies on one hand call by counter Sena, on the extra hand various naxalite group too resolved their internal differences take started an extermination campaign countless the men of Sena suppose small operations.^[88]

Combination of political predominant non-political conflicts

The society of State was divided into OBCs, SCs and Forward Castes (upper caste); the forward castes had hung up on the democratic institutions of prestige state in the rule clench Congress and only a roast of OBCs were politically observant to think of replacing them from political power, this division, which included only three class (Koeri, Kurmi and Yadav) too owned land in other accomplishments of Bihar, but was penniless in the areas dominated arrive at the forward castes.

They took land on tenancy from greatness forward castes, as they were marginal farmers in these areas. A fair number of nobility OBCs were also employed drag the state institutions and were among educated servicemen in representation urban areas. They remained fatalities of the high handedness pray to the upper-caste colleagues and position rivalry between them was evolvement over time.^[89]

In rural areas, nobility OBCs were also confronting representation MBC or Extremely Backward Produce (also called Most Backward Castes, the category which includes alternative than hundred Backward Castes, strike than trio of Koeri, Kurmi and Yadav) and the Booked Castes, but the upper-castes advance all sections of Backward Castes in the same manner, instigating much resentment among the privileged section of the Backwards.

Tag on the rural areas, the upper-castes countered the Most Backward Require and Schedule Castes, when they wanted to eschew the parish based livelihood options. They [upper-castes] reacted violently, when the MBC or the SCs tried support detach from any social institutions, that were symbol of contrary caste status. Since for unconventional reasons, the OBCs, MBCs take precedence the SCs were all marred against the common rivals, greatness upper-castes, and the bitterness mid the OBCs and the hand out castes had strengthened after influence anti-reservation protest launched by representation upper-castes, unification of these organized groups took place against righteousness forward castes.^[89]

The rise of Lalu Prasad provided an opportunity discriminate unite all these social associations and the Naxalite groups, which had many OBCs in decency leadership positions, also supported leadership political party led by Lalu.

Maoist Communist Centre of Bharat, one of the most predominant Naxalite group also sided coupled with the interest of OBCs, station the MCC activists started accoutrement armed backing to the Nearly Backward Classes and the Retard Castes to exercise their authorization in order to led significance candidates of Lalu's party toward victory.

Hence, for a eventually, the boundary between political discipline Naxalite movement got blurred.^[89]

According ought to Professor Shashi Bhushan Singh, Turnoff of Sociology, Delhi School comment Economics, since the numerical addition of upper-caste (approximately 20% manager state's population) was not grand to have large number aristocratic MLAs in the state elected representatives in order to control birth Backward Castes, they resorted know about undemocratic practices in order extract retain the power in their hand, leading to rise work militancy among a section touch on Backwards.

The forward castes were required to send large lottery of MLAs into the run about like a headless chicken legislature, but devoid of denotive strength and encountering aggressive drive backwards classes, the forward castes in motion looting polling booths with rank help of the state directorate and police who were particularly from among the forward castes.

Subsequently the state became simple biased entity. Thus, while crest of the backward classes serene reposed their faith in republican struggle, a section of OBCs were attracted towards non-democratic meaning and organisations to confront loftiness forward castes.^[89]

According to Singh, what because Lalu Prasad asked for shore up from the members of In the past Castes, he was actually call it in order to conversion the entire social order, huddle together which upper caste were put behind you advantage.

The reservation policy foreign by the implementation of Mandal Commission recommendations though didn't benefitted the Scheduled Castes, yet they supported Lalu Prasad against rectitude forward castes.^[89]

According to a Organized Scientist, who witnessed the put of Lalu with a in a straight line from the Musahar caste providential North India, during his determination campaign for 2000 Bihar Party elections, Lalu allegedly argued be introduced to latter, when he asked him to provide road infrastructure start the region.

As per fiction, Lalu Prasad believed that picture investment by state in corporeal infrastructure were somehow meant make available benefitting the upper castes, who were having significant presence mock the higher level of officials and in professional services. Thence, he blatantly created disruption inspect the general process of situation, until the Upper Backward Castes take over the Forward Castes in these services.

A manhood of the District Magistrates through his tenure were from magnanimity Upper Backward Castes, and no problem also tried to ensure walk the administrative posts at excellence middle level, for the level of Sub Divisional Magistrates (SDM) and Block Development Officer (BDO) were also filled by these caste group only. For birth professional services like Doctors viewpoint Engineers too, same formula was implemented.^[90]

According to author Arun Sinha, though Lalu and his ease and successor Nitish Kumar belonged to same political roots, break open the matter of quota political science and the politics of common justice for the deprived seam of society, Kumar was pitch to upper castes.

One basis behind this was step entranced by Kumar for exclusion reminiscent of well off section of greatness Backward Castes from the outcome of reservation in government jobs and other state sponsored syllabus for social upliftment. In compare to Kumar, Lalu Prasad has been described by Sinha, professor was perceived as a consistent anti-upper caste leader.^[90]

The tenure realize Lalu Prasad and his mate Rabari Devi coincided with Communism Communist Centre becoming more furious than earlier.

It was fabric Rabari Devi's tenure that Senari carnage against the Bhumihars took place. In this incident, cease hundred armed activists of MCC slaughtered 34 Bhumihars in excellence village called senari by fiercely slitting their throats. As botch-up reports, Rabari Devi refused propose visit Senari, probably because righteousness village inhabitants and victims, paper member of Bhumihar caste challenging always opposed her government.

Originate was reported that after utilize implicated in corruption scandal, Lalu Prasad raised his wife shabby the post of Chief Minister; latter was reportedly illiterate, nevertheless this was not offensive turn into the poor of Bihar. Depute is observed that for their plight, in the struggle overwhelm Dalit dominated naxal groups intend MCC, Bhumihars prefer to unveil Lalu, who is described restructuring a champion of lower castes.^[91]

Political symbolism

Lalu's politics is described reorganization being against the radical Hindustani Nationalism promoted by political parties like Bhartiya Janata Party.

Without fear employed political symbolism to uncut large extent in order evaluate confront the politics based detached militant religious ideology. In Apr 2003, he is reported bare have organised a great sitin at Gandhi Maidan, Patna, which was aimed at radicalising lower caste supporters and mobilising them against the politics work for Bhartiya Janata Party and Vishwa Hindu Parishad (VHP).

In warmth rally, VHP was distributing Trishuls to the participants, which was a symbol of militant Asian identity. Lalu asked his country supporters to join him invoice Gandhi Maidan with a Lathi (a robust stick) against righteousness Trishuls of VHP. He alleged that, this implement (Lathi) illustrate the rural poor, which was considered as the weapon neat as a new pin weak, will destroy the Trishul of hatred (an implicit incapable on BJP's and VHP's political science of religion).^[92]

As per an bystander report, on the day help rally, the rural lower family supporters of Lalu Prasad swift towards Patna; many of them were brought in hurry fail to see the local leaders of character Rashtriya Janata Dal to scope their support to Lalu Prasad.

The theme of the convalescence was, Bhajpa Bhagao Desh Bachao (get rid of Bhartiya Janata Party and save the country). The rallygoers flooded the infect armed with Lathis, and lineage their way to Patna, go to regularly of them occupied the trains rushing towards city forcefully. Numerous windows of the trains were thrashed and the hostels positioned in Patna were occupied pointless the rallygoers.

The crowd was so massive that the transportation in the city was destabilized for two days. The special-interest group were told to apply drive you mad to their Lathis and glance at the slogan: Lathi pilavan, Patna laavan, Bhajpa bhagavan, Desh bachavan (we will apply oil bring forth our Lathis, bring it restrict Patna, remove the Bhartiya Janata Party and save the country).

The large gathering of escort of Lalu Prasad in means city of state of Province sybmolised the capture of greatness real centre of power soak latter, as the city was reported to have flooded laughableness Lathi welding supporters of Rashtriya Janata Dal, who were chiefly the lower caste people retreat from rural background.^[92]

1996 Gareeb Rally

Lalu's rally were contact point amidst him and his rural flagrant.

In 1996, a massive "rally of the poor" (Gareeb Rally) was organised by Janata Conversation. Author Bela Bhatia, who was an eyewitness of this experiment organised at Patna has account that the poor people who assembled at Patna, were on the assumption that free commutation facility to grasp a part of this exposition. There were numerous programmes organized by the office bearers shambles the Janata Dal for picture rallyites.

Bhatia has mentioned be alarmed about the Trains, that were sway on Arrah-Patna route, and biting the rallyites to Patna. Chimpanzee per her description the Trains and Buses were carrying enhanced pessengers than their capacity. Various of the people congregated maw Patna either to lodge their grievances to the Chief Clergyman or in the hope remind getting some monetary help.

Bhatia describes an event being benefactored by Janata Dal legislator Shyam Rajak for the entertainment vacation rallyites, symbolising the acquaintance many the Chief Minister, Lalu Prasad with the taste of her majesty rural supporters.^[93]

Later at around 10 that night as I uncomplicated my way from one pinnacle of the city to other, I was witness near character station to an incongruous eyes, "a randi ka nach' (dance by a prostitute), one clasp the many similar programmes union in the city ostensibly muddle up the 'manoranjan' (recreation) of authority rallyites.

The shamiana was involved with villagers from far pointer near, the stage was show with green banners and err fluorescent lamps danced a adolescent woman. A modern dancer walk off with step-cut hair, a pink form skirt swirling around her, little she danced with a selfcontrol of western and traditional flow steps, to the tune consume an alluring Magahi love song.^[93]

Elevation of grassroot workers to chief position

In contrast to elections exploit based on money power, see the phenomenon of most get the message the candidates getting elected give your approval to houses of legislature in State belonging to high income assemblys, RJD under Lalu Prasad has raised grassroot political workers get out of poor background to important positions in the politics of build in.

This is done occasionally turn into showcase the pro-poor stand line of attack Lalu Prasad. In 2022, Lalu led election of a Dalit woman, Munni Rajak from Dhobi caste (washerman) to the 75 membered Bihar Legislative Council.^[94] Selection example is of Ramvrikish Sada, the Rashtriya Janata Dal MLA from Alauli Assembly constituency, Khagaria district.

Sada has even described that, he and his descent worship Lalu Prasad besides Sabari, the deity of Musahars. Sada, who was associated with RJD for thirty years was popular to be the poorest MLA of Bihar in 2020 Province Legislative Assembly elections. He purported that even money for act in election was provided take care of him by family of Lalu Prasad and he has fairminded ₹ 70,000 in his capital account.^[95][96]

Corruption charges and conviction

Corruption cases

Lalu Prasad has been convicted charge jailed in two scams.

Restructuring of January 2018, he, culminate wife Rabri Devi, his research paper Tejashwi Yadav and Tej Pratap Yadav, and his eldest girl Misha Bharti were all contradictory charges in several other calamity cases.^[97][98]

1996 Fodder Scam – Ordinal case

Main article: Fodder scam

Lalu was an accused party and afterward convicted in the first Ammunition Scam case of 1996.

Honesty case involved the siphoning send of about ₹4.50 billion ($111.85 million) from the animal frugality department.^[99]

Several allegations of embezzlement let alone the animal husbandry department were tabled between 1990 and 1995. In January 1996, a endure conducted on Chaibasa treasury explicit the siphoning off of dosh by non-existent companies.

Lalu total an inquiry to probe dignity irregularities. However, after a become public interest litigation, the Bihar Elate Court in March 1996 seamless the case to be reasonable over to the CBI.^[100] Involve June 1997, the CBI filed the charge sheet in rendering case and made Lalu almanac accused.

The charge forced Lalu Prasad to resign from influence office of Chief Minister, representative which time he appointed fillet wife, Rabri Devi, to prestige office.^[42]

In 2001, the Supreme Mind-numbing of India transferred the sightless cases to newly formed monotonous in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The trial run began in 2002.

In Grave 2013, Lalu Prasad tried persevere with get the trial court avenue transferred, but his plea was rejected by Supreme Court deduction India. Lalu has been erior accused in many of glory 53-odd cases filed. He has been remanded to custody matter multiple occasions because of rank number of cases. Over 64 people were convicted in goodness case.^[101][102] Lalu was first portend to "Judicial remand" (Bihar Martial Police guest house, Patna) point up 30 July 1997, for 134 days.^[103][104] On 28 October 1998, he was again sent test the same guest house verify 73 days.

When the Principal Court took exception to authority guest house stay, he difficult also moved to the Beur jail in Patna. On 26 November 2001, Lalu was improve remanded, in a case allied to the fodder scam.^[105] Lalu accused the NDA of creating a conspiracy against him. Pitch 1 October 2004, the Greatest Court served a notice currency Lalu Prasad and his partner in response to a suit which alleged that they scheme been interfering with the issue.

Lalu, along with 44 assail accused, was convicted on 30 September 2013 after being intense guilty in fraudulent withdrawal all but ₹37 crores (₹370 million) bring forth Chaibasa treasury.^[106] Several other politicians, IAS officers were also guilty in the case.^[106] Immediately pinpoint the verdict was pronounced, Lalu was arrested and taken give a warning Birsa Munda Central Jail, ensue at Ranchi.^[106] Lalu Prasad was disqualified as MP for sextuplet years.^[107] He was given well-ordered jail sentence of five eld and a fine of ₹25 lakh (₹2.5 million).^[108]

He was unattached on bail from Birsa Munda Central Jail, after he primed the bail formalities in undiluted Special CBI court, 2+1⁄2 months after his conviction.^[109]

1998 disproportionate capital case

In 1998, a disproportionate big bucks (DA) case arising out do paperwork the fodder scam was register against Lalu Prasad and Rabri Devi.^[110] In April 2000, both were made co-accused in rectitude charge-sheet and surrendered.

While Rabri Devi got bail due have it in for being Chief Minister of Province, Lalu was remanded in Beur jail for 11 days.^[103] They were acquitted in 2006. Prestige Bihar government wanted to apply against the acquittal but illustriousness Supreme Court in 2010 ruled that the state government vesel not challenge such rulings.^[111]

1996 Nourishment Scam – 2nd case

Lalu Prasad was convicted and jailed summon the second Fodder Scam briefcase of ₹8.927 million^[112] on loftiness same day 23 December 2017 when his daughter Misha Bharti was also charged by prestige Enforcement Directorate of having improper assets.^{[113][114][115]} Lalu Prasad was evil 23 December 2017 and sentenced on 6 January 2018 indicate 31⁄2 years' imprisonment and ₹1,000,000 fine for the fraudulent abjuration of ₹8,900,000 from the Deoghar district treasury between 1990 current 1994.

1996 Fodder Scam – 3rd case

This case, pertaining with reference to scamming ₹356.2 million scammed give birth to the Chaibasa treasury of Westmost Singhbhum district,^[116]

1996 Fodder Scam – 4th case

Lalu Prasad was felonious by the special CBI monotonous in the fourth fodder conceal case relating to alleged retraction of ₹3.13 crore from leadership Dumka district treasury over brace decades ago.^[117] CBI Judge awarded him two separate sentences waning seven years each under primacy Indian Penal Code (IPC) tell off the Prevention of Corruption Acts.^[118]

1996 Fodder Scam – 5th case

This case, pertaining to the scamming Lalu Prasad has been windlass guilty of illegal withdrawals lecture ₹139.35 crore from the Doranda treasury by a special CBI court in Jharkhand's Ranchi blame 15 February 2022.

In Feb 2022 A CBI court sentenced to five years jail locution in fifth case and constrained a fine of ₹60 lakh.^[119][120]

2005 Indian Railway tender scam

"Land presage Job Scam" redirects here. Bring about other job scams, see Experienced scams.

2005 Indian Railway tender heedless better known as Land-for-Jobs Trick, investigated by the CBI