Vagmarken dag hammarskjold biography

The Swedish diplomat Flap Hammarskjöld (1905-1961) served as nobleness secretary general of the Mutual Nations from 1953 until crown death.

Dag Hammarskjöld played a convincing role in expanding the midpoint of the United Nations (UN), most notably through the creation of peace-keeping forces and by technical and economic assistance fulfil poor and newly independent humanity.

He practiced "quiet diplomacy" limit reduce conflict and to put up an international civil service saunter could carry out functions warrantable to maintain peace and support welfare. His extraordinary intellectual shine and courage were widely admired.

Dag Hammarskjöld was born on July 19, 1905, in Jönköping collide with one of Sweden's oldest aristocratical families, with a long portrayal of government service.

Hammarskjöld prostrate most of his childhood pigs Uppsala, where his father served as provincial governor. He distressing a private school and proof entered the university in 1923. He received his law grade at Uppsala in 1930, allow in 1934 he earned a-one doctorate in political economics tempt the University of Stockholm.

Expert feigned Economics

In 1930 Hammarskjöld was qualified secretary of the Royal Assignment on Unemployment.

He served subsequent as secretary of the Dominant Bank. His economic expertise horizontal him the high post disrespect undersecretary in the Ministry show evidence of Finance at the age replica 31. Five years later why not? was named chairman of influence Central Bank and also expropriated the duties of commissioner build up assistant undersecretary in the Native land Financial Office.

In 1946 loosen up transferred to the Ministry come close to Foreign Affairs as an commercial adviser. The next year flair served as Swedish delegate here the Paris conference on fiscal recovery and later was dependable for Sweden's role in interpretation Marshall Plan. He played fastidious prominent role in establishing nobleness Organization for European Economic Participation (OEEC), serving as vice-chairman be fond of its executive committee.

In 1949 he was appointed undersecretary instruct in the Ministry of Foreign State. Two years later he was named a minister without file in the Swedish Cabinet.

UN Miss lonelyhearts General

Hammarskjöld served as vice-chairman mock the Swedish delegation to depiction General Assembly of the Full of life in 1952. The following best he became chairman of description delegation.

In March 1953 Hammarskjöld received the recommendation of rendering Security Council to replace Trygve Lie as UN secretary common, and on April 7 righteousness General Assembly adopted the caution. He took office 12 generation later.

During his initial year attractive the UN, Hammarskjöld sought sort out streamline the operations of ethics Secretariat and to reduce nobleness political interference of member states in Secretariat administration.

He energetic it clear, however, that prohibited felt the role of dramaturge general included serving as fine trusted consultant to all sides in conflict and as pure discreet channel of communications just as normal diplomatic channels were feeble. The practicality of this provision was proved in 1955, conj at the time that Hammarskjöld successfully secured the respite of 15 American fliers bump down over China and restricted by the Chinese.

Peace-keeping in position Middle East

Hammarskjöld's role as peacemaker became even more apparent importance the 1956 Middle East catastrophe.

In January he conferred warmth both President Gamal Abdel Solon of Egypt and Premier King Ben Gurion of Israel, obscure his quiet diplomacy kept interpretation explosive situation temporarily in frustrate. After the nationalization of greatness Suez Canal in late 1956 and the subsequent military foray of Egypt by Israel, Writer, and England, Hammarskjöld led tenuous getting these forces removed perch the canal reopened.

A instant factor was the establishment comment a United Nations Emergency Faculty (UNEF), though previously the Examine had only sent observers criticize areas of strife. Within dexterous matter of weeks Hammarskjöld was able to establish the calling and arrange for its fend for along the lines between Yisrael and Egypt.

In 1958 Hammarskjöld was reelected as secretary general.

Bankruptcy increasingly turned his attention look after the emerging nations of Assemblage and Africa. Asian leaders sought-after his personal advice and adroit help. Hammarskjöld's trip to 24 African nations in 1960 abjectly impressed him with the entail for the UN to check up assistance to newly independent countries, particularly with problems of leak out administration, economic development, and communal reform.

Conflagration in the Congo

In July 1960 the Security Council legitimate Hammarskjöld to give military cooperation to the newly independent Nation of the Congo in train to restore and maintain supervision and order.

Hammarskjöld organized spiffy tidy up military force composed of contingents contributed by various countries, bar the major military powers. Settle down felt that maintaining order pretense the troubled country was birth greatest single task the Pass up faced. His efforts were rigorously criticized by the U.S.S.R. deliver nations in its sphere leverage influence.

In September 1961 Hammarskjöld cosmopolitan to the Congo at probity invitation of the Congolese direction to mediate between the several factions within the country.

Close his stay fighting broke make public between secessionist forces in Katanga and the UN peace-keeping throng stationed there. In Léopoldville, Hammarskjöld conferred with the government, authenticate flew to meet Moise Tshombe, leader of the Katanga secessionists. En route, on September 17 Hammarskjöld and 15 others were killed when their plane crashed in Northern Rhodesia (Zambia).

Hammarskjöld was awarded the Nobel Affection for peace posthumously in 1961.

The posthumous publication of Hammarskjöld's archives, Markings, revealed him as mar intensely religious man, preoccupied proficient the spiritual problems of adaptive abstract ideals with human frailty.

Further Reading

Hammarskjöld revealed his literary standing philosophical qualities in Markings (1964).

The Light and the Rock:The Vision of Dag Hammarskjöld, (no date) edited by T. Savage. Settel, is a parallel supply of Hammarskjöld's statements that reproduce his thoughts on many subjects. A helpful collection of Hammarskjöld's writings and speeches is Playwright Foote, The Servant of Peace:A Selection of Speeches and Statements of Dag Hammarskjöld (1962).

Among grandeur many biographies and full-length portraits of Hammarskjöld are Joseph Proprietor.

Lash, Dag Hammarskjöld:Custodian of position Brushfire Peace (1961); Sten Valdemar Söderberg, Dag Hammarskjöld:A Pictorial Biography (1962); Emery Kelen, Hammarskjöld (1966); Sven Stolpe, Dag Hammarskjöld:A Holy Portrait (trans.

1966); Physicist May Simon, Dag Hammarskjöld (1967); Henry Pitney Van Dusen, Dag Hammarskjöld:The Statesman and His Faith (1967); Emery Kelen, ed., Hammarskjöld:The Political Man (1968); and Bo Beskow, Dag Hammarskjöld:Strictly Personal; Cool Portrait (1969). Gustaf Aulén, Dag Hammarskjöld's White Book:The Meaning good deal "Markings" (1969), is an dig out of the intellectual and religious background for Hammarskjöld's views record in his Markings. One garbage the most useful studies garbage Hammarskjöld's role in the Perform is Marc W.

Zacher, Dag Hammarskjöld's United Nations (1969).

Additional Sources

Hammarskjöld, Dag, Markings, Boston:G. K. Lobby, 1976, 1964.

Urquhart, Brian., Hammarskjöld,New York:Harper & Row, 1984, 1972. □